WHY WERE ATHENS AND SPARTA RIVAL STATES?

The Greeks defeating the Persians at the battle of Salamis

Athens was a rich and cultured state. Among its citizens were astronomers, mathematicians, thinkers, writers and artists. Although this was a society with slaves, the rulers had vision, and its government was the first real democracy.

Athens had the best navy in Greece while Sparta had the best army. Sparta's economy, like that of Athens, was based on slave workers but there was no democracy. Sport was encouraged, and girls as well as boys were expected to be fit and athletic. Sparta was run like an army camp, in which everyone was expected to obey. Boys as young as seven were taken from home and trained to be soldiers.

FACT FILE

Broken pieces of pottery were used for letter-writing in the Greek world. Clay fragments are still found today, with business notes written on them.

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